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Difference between NPT, BSPP and BSPT seals

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The difference between NPT, BSPP and BSPT seals Pressure systems in the process industry use different ways of sealing depending on the geographical region, size of the pressure system and the environment. There are regional differences in sealing types as well as industry preferences. For example, many pressure systems onboard ships use BSPP adapters while many applications in the oil and gas industry use NPT fittings. While one sealing style is not inherently better than another each style has its application. NPT Connections NPT (National Pipe Thread) seals are the most popular type of seal for pressure calibration systems in the U.S. and Canada. NPT male adapters have a taper thread that wedges into the female NPT adapter. They seal due to the "out of roundness principle" which means that the male stretches the female fitting until there is so much force that the connection can hold pressure. One of the challenges with this design is that if you conne...
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Secrets behind Choked flow in pipes

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Choked Flow: Choked flow  is a fluid dynamic condition associated with the Venturi effect. When a  flowing  fluid at a given pressure and temperature passes through a constriction (such as the throat of a convergent-divergent nozzle or a valve in a pipe) into a lower pressure environment the fluid velocity increases . The basic liquid sizing equation tells us that the liquid flow rate through a  control valve is proportional to the square root of pressure drop.  This linear relationship does not always hold true. As the pressure drop is increased the flow first reaches a point where increasing pressure drop only produces a small increase in flow, and then very soon after that, no matter    how much the pressure drop is increased, the flow does not increase at all. When this happens, we say that the flow has become choked. The pressure  drop at which flow becomes choked (the dividing line between the non- choked and the cho...
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